The leading hypothesis for the origin of Uranus' large obliquity (98°) is a polar strike from an Earth sized object, but to tilt Saturn similarly would require an impactor roughly 10x as massive. The possibility of detecting MRB from Uranus and Neptune is considered The intensity of the MRB is scaled for the solar wind power input into a planetary magnetosphere. The similarity of the differential power flux spectra of the MRB from all three planets is examined. On the detection of magnetospheric radio bursts from Uranus and NeptuneĮarth, Jupiter, and Saturn are sources of intense but sporadic bursts of electromagnetic radiation or magnetospheric radio bursts (MRB).
Our preliminary findings show that most assumptions about We will refine this estimate by quantifying capture statistics, and running accretion simulations to test the likelihood of a low early obliquity. We also find that resonance capture is rare if Uranus' initial obliquity is greater than about 10°, as the probability of capture decreases as the planet's initial obliquity increases.
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This timescale may be too long to hold Uranus captive between Jupiter and Saturn, and we are investigating how to reduce it. Tilting Uranus to high obliquities takes a few 100 Myrs. While in resonance, Uranus and Saturn each tilt a bit further, slowing their axial precession rates to continually match Neptune's nodal precession rate. As Neptune migrates outward its nodal precession slows. Only a distant Neptune has a nodal frequency slow enough to resonate with Uranus' axial precession.This scenario, with diverging orbits, results in resonance capture. As an exterior Neptune slowly migrates outward, it picks up both Uranus and Saturn in spin-orbit resonances (Ward and Hamilton 2004 Hamilton and Ward 2004). In our scenario, Neptune leaves first while Uranus remains behind. (1999) hypothesized that Uranus and Neptune initially formed between Jupiter and Saturn, and were then kicked outward. We investigate early Solar System configurations in which a secular resonance between Uranus' axial precession frequency and another planet's orbital node precession frequency might occur.Thommes et al. Here we explore a third model for tilting Uranus using secular spin-orbit resonance theory. Alternatively, Uranus' obliquity may have arisen from a sequence of smaller impactors which lead to a uniform distribution of obliquities. This model requires a single Earth mass object striking Uranus at high latitudes such events occur with a probability of about 10%. The most accepted hypothesis for the origin of Uranus' 98° obliquity is a giant collision during the late stages of planetary accretion.
Extensive diagrams, drawings, and photographs are provided Also discussed are the discovery of Neptune by Galle and d'Arrest, ground-based knowledge of Neptune and its satellites, the discovery of Pluto, and the possible existence of additional planets. Consideration is given to Voyager images of the Uranian satellite Miranda the ring system of Uranus zonal bands on Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus the Voyager instruments, mission profile, and ground support system Saturn and its satellites the discovery of Uranus by Herschel the surface and atmosphere of Uranus and theoretical models of the Uranian interior structure. The history of observations and probe missions to the outer planets is reviewed, and major results are summarized, in an overview for general readers. International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
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